<DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><B>一、“沉浸体验”是一种积极心理状态</B></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">克莱蒙大学的Mike Csikszentmihalyi教授通过深入研究发现，人们在从事具有挑战性、可掌控的任务时，会受其内在动机驱使，同时他们会经历一种独特的心理状态一一沉浸体验(flow) 。</DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">产生“沉浸体验”的前提，人们必须具有主动意识，有明确的目的和即时的反馈，必须全神贯注，在全身心投入活动中不会想起与此活动无关的事情和情绪，投入活动时完全忘我。完成此项任务后，技能得到提高，自我意识得到增强，感情得到升华，释放真我。会引发沉浸体验的活动才是真正的“自主活动”。</DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><B>二、</B><B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px">“沉浸体验”三要素：</SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px">1</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px">、具有挑战性且需要技能的活动；</SPAN></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px">2</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px">、明确的目的与及时地反馈；</SPAN></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px">3</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px">、全神贯注与忘我。</SPAN></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><B>三、对“沉浸体验”式教育教学活动的几点想法：</B></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><B>1</B><B>、</B><B>教学“内容沉浸”：</B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">a</SPAN><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">、教学中的学习内容尽量接近学生实际生活；b、学习内容的难易适度（经过一定的努力能够掌握）且具有挑战性；c、学习内容需要一定的机能活动；d、学生对所学内容具有一定的兴趣；e、学生具有内在的学习动机；f、教学过程中师生沉浸在“全神贯注与忘我”的状态中。</SPAN></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">2</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">、教学“精神沉浸”：</SPAN></B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">教学过程中师生精神饱满。</SPAN></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">3</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">、教学“仪式沉浸”：</SPAN></B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">教学过程中的程序、规定、要求做到科学化、规范化、系统化。</SPAN></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">4</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">、教学“行为沉浸”：</SPAN></B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">教学过程中师生的行为举止都与教学目标有关，尽量避免出现于教学无关的言行、动作。</SPAN></DIV> <DIV style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; FONT: 12px/18px 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 宋体, 新宋体, arial, verdana, sans-serif; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETTER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"><B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">5</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">、教学“评价沉浸”：</SPAN></B><SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18px; COLOR: black">教学过程中对教师的教学、学生的学习、教学的结果，对师生予以正面性、肯定性、激励性、期待性的评价。</SPAN></DIV>